Stonemasonry

The individual needs to know and understand:

• Knowledge of safety rules, particularly those relating to individual and collective protection;
  Health, safety, and hygiene legislation, obligations, regulations, and documentation
• The principles of working safely with electricity and compressed air equipment.
• Specific legislation and regulations governing vibration and noise at work within own country.
• The need to monitor and log personal usage time for power tools to offset the effects of vibration.44
• Strategies for reducing exposure to noise.
• Emergency procedures and reporting processes for accident, first-aid, and fire
• The situations when personal protective equipment (PPE) must be used.
• The purposes, uses, care, maintenance, storage of tools/equipment, and safe handling implications
• The purposes, uses, care, storage of materials, and safe handling implications
• The importance of keeping a tidy work area.
• The ways in which working practices can minimize wastage and help to manage costs.
• The significance of planning, accuracy, checking, and attention to detail in all working practices.
• The importance of safe disposal of waste for re-cycling
• Knowledge of how to use manual, pneumatic, and digital tools.
• How to handle correct with manual- or pneumatic stonemasonry tools.
• Knowledge of national rules and regulations will not be tested.

The individual shall be able to:

• Follow health, safety, and hygiene standards, rules, and regulations.
• Maintain a safe working environment.
• Identify and use the appropriate personal protective equipment including safety footwear, hand, ear, eye, and dust protection.
• Monitor and log personal usage time for power tools to offset the effects of vibration.
• Select, use, clean, maintain and store all hand and powered tools secure and safely.
• Examine and sign off material as falling within the acceptable range for use.
• Plan the work area to maximize efficiency and maintain the discipline of regular tidying.
• Measure accurately and avoid wastage.
• Work efficiently and check progress and outcomes regularly.
• Safely and sustainably dispose of recyclable and dangerous waste.
• Strategies to assist in the control of vibration made by tools.
• Organize any waste material in the correct way so that it can be disposed of or recycled efficiently.

The individual needs to know and understand:

• Theoretical knowledge is limited to appropriate working procedures, including the reading and interpretation of drawings, the design of ornaments and letters, and the modern application of digital tools:
• Interpretation and execution of drawing according to ISO-A and ISO-E standards.
• Use of the millimetre
• The essential information that must be included in construction and detailed drawings
• The importance of checking for missing information or errors, anticipating and resolving problems in advance of the ‘setting out’ process and construction
• The role of geometry
• Mathematical processes and problem solving
• Knowledge of general computer programmes.
• Knowledge of specific digital tools (AUTOCAD and FUSION 360)
• Types of developed true shapes, raking sections, and stretched mouldings.
• The essential information that must be included in construction and detail drawings.
• Types and order of usual view´s in stonemasonry´s-workpiece-plans (drawings) for stonemasonry work.

The individual shall be able to:

• Using CAD (AUTOCAD and FUSION 360) for planning purposes, including different layers
• Produce a 3D model of a simple stone masonry element. Competitors will NOT parameter the machining of it.
• Draw and lay out the templates and reverse templates of a complex element, then start the printing and cutting out.
• Check for any defects and take the exact measurements of the stones they have been allocated.
• Interpret accurately all plan, elevations, sections, and enlarged details out of preprepared drawings, hand drawn scratches and/or preprepared model.
• Identify key dimensions shapes and all angles and measures, flat and curved shapes, profiles.
• Identify the required position of flat surfaces or profiles etc. (correct hand) from scratch to the stonemasonry plan.       
• Produce accurate, prior temporary drawings to transferring to digital drawings.
• Identify items that require clarification.
• Establish any features that require special equipment or templates and ensure they are available or created.
• Identify and follow up drawing errors to ensure their correction.
• Apply all necessary measures, angles, shapes, hatchings, and details drawings to a stonemasonry plan.
• Prepare and finish stonemasonry-workpiece-plan digital, for printing in paper to within 1 mm of specification.      
• Using standard application to print and/or plot out 3Diminsional drawing in correct scale.
  to send a 3D drawing to an operator who is milling the stones drawn by competitor. The programming and CNC machine production will be done by a specialised operator throughout the competition!
• (Profound knowledge about installing the element programming, or milling using the CNC-engine is not part of this skill and will not be assessed).
• Drawing digital all required templates and temporary templates for cutting stonemasonry work.
• Apply all necessary information/identification and marks to all templates and drawings.
• Prepare templates digital, for plotting, using appropriate template sheet material
• Plot/cut the required templates (scale 1:1 on/out of sheets of hard plastic preferred, or if not available in Schablonit®, (Profound knowledge about printing/plotting, installing or configure a printer/plotter is not part of this skill and will not be assessed).

The individual needs to know and understand:

• Knowledge of technical drawing, styles, and art.
• Knowledge of the design of letters and/or ornaments.
• The design of ornaments and letters, and the modern application of digital tools:
• Different methods to transfer information onto the stone surface
• The characteristics of letters and/or ornament
• The characteristics of materials
• The different methods of carving including intaglio and bas relief
• The different techniques of applying different surface and textured finishes
• To create decorative components and pieces.

The individual shall be able to:

• Select resources free form damage, faults or fissures to set out lettering and carving
• Apply full size drawing to mark out the work
• Draw and engrave the letters, numbers, and/or ornaments, after having copied them from a 1:1 scale model.
• Identify the required position of lettering, and/or ornament or carved motif on the stone
• Use carbon paper to transfer information to stone surface using full size drawing details
• Produce incised and letters and/or ornament in various types of stone
• Cut incised and raised letters to the specification using hand or pneumatic tools only to reduce the effects of Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) - or pneumatic tools
• Transfer from drawings and set out lettering in various modern or traditional styles
• Lightly clean carbon ink marks on the surface by removing with water and fine wet/dry paper
• Carve motif from given specification onto specified surface to required depth and finish using hand or pneumatic tools
• Produce straight or flowing lines which provide sharp edges and a crisp appearance
• Use texture, undercutting, and shadow effectively
• Organize any waste material in the correct way so that it can be disposed of or recycled efficiently

The individual needs to know and understand:

• The common types of problem which can occur within the work process.
• Diagnostic approaches to problem solving.
• The geology, materials, new and old building processes that relate to the role of the stonemason.
• The differences between the orders of architecture: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and Composite.
• The characteristic and usability of the different types of stones, such as granite, sandstone, limestone, marble, etc.
• Knowledge of particular types of stone and how they behave during the work.
• The different tools for different types of stones.
• Interpretation and execution of drawing according to ISO-A and ISO-E standards.
• Use of the millimetre standard
• Tracery features including trefoil, quatrefoil, foils, cusps, dead eyes, pierced eyes.
• The members of the entablature: cornice, frieze, architrave.
• The essential information that must be included in specifications and drawings.
• The different natural defects commonly found in natural stones.
• The ability to perform complex high precision measurements.
• To create structural components, of complex geometric shapes, square and angles to stone.

The individual shall be able to:

• Recognize and understand problems issues swiftly and follow a self-managed process for resolving.
• Determine and check quantities of materials required to produce specified projects.
• Use required scale drawings (stonemasonry-workpiece-plan) to mark out the work:
• Recognize all features, such as arch work and moulds including tracery, foils, cusps, dead eye, pedestal, cornice, column coping, plinth, capital springer, keystone, or pediment
• Produce basic outline drawings including elevations, plans, and sections to full size.
• Recognize and check the capacity of the various types of stone for the task.
• Identify the required position of flat surfaces or profiles (correct hand) from drawing to the stone.
• Use manual and pneumatic tools to prepare stone surfaces straight and square out of twist on pre-prepared and/or ashlars stone to full size.  
• Transfer exactly sizes, angles, and shape from drawing to stone within 1 mm of specification.
• Apply required and temporary templates to mark out the whole of the work to within 1 mm of specification.
• Cut the stone to the required specification and take care in specially about:
• Fitting required templates to stone; arises (and corners); internal and external angles, intersections (internal and external mitres); flat surfaces; straight and curved profiles; measures to dimensions within 1 mm of specification.
• Use stonemasonry hand-, pneumatic tools to apply complex geometric required shapes, squares, and angles on to stone.   
• Using those hand- or pneumatic tools, in that manner to reduce the effects of Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS).
• Moulded stones with same carving characteristics after stones was made a part moulded by CNC Machines by supplier, before competition, in infrastructure list, in accordance with test project.

The individual needs to know and understand:

• Traditional and modern masonry features.
• Trends and developments in the industry within own country and more widely.
• The different techniques of applying different surface finishes and textured finishes.
• Difference between modern and historical stone surfaces
• How to create/copy historic finished stone surfaces
• The importance of checking for missing information or errors
• Theoretical knowledge is limited to appropriate working procedures, including the reading and interpretation

The individual shall be able to:

• Demonstrate a willingness to try alternative surface finishing methods.
• Produce a stone surface without missing chips or visible ridges.
• Prepare stone surfaces to complex shapes using various technical processes.
• Produce various specified surface finishes to prepared stones.
• Prepare a tooled finish to seen faces only.
• To check stonemasonry work regularly to minimize problems at a later stage.

The individual needs to know and understand:

• Knowledge of waste management (inert, industrial, chemical adhesives, etc.).
• Knowledge of traditional assembly and adhesive bonding.
• The reason and different between poor made and fitting joints
• To use different features on dry fitting
• The need of a cleaned stone-workpiece free from pencil and handling marks
• The need for stonework to be qualitive presented to meet customer needs and expectations

The individual needs to know and understand:

• Assemble and/or install the simple element produced by an external operator by the machine and the complex elements on stone are carved by the competitor.
• Cut the complex element with the required and requested precision and surface finish
• Assembly of stone elements within 1 mm Joint of specification.
• Position natural bedding plane in relation to component positions in structures.
• How assembly stones elements on dry fitting with wedges of wood
• How to check and clean the work regularly to produce a minimum amount of pencil and handling marks.
• How to present a stone assembly to customers and visitors pleasure