Web Technologies

WorldSkills Occupational Standards (WSOS)

Occupation description and WSOS

The name of the skill competition is

Web Technologies

Description of the associated work role(s) or occupation(s)

Web technology encompasses many different skills and disciplines in the design, development, production, and maintenance of websites and web applications. The skills required of a web developer are diverse, often to the point where it is difficult for a developer to excel in all aspects. As a result, a team may cover the web design process, with each member of the team having their own strengths, specialities, and role in the development process.

Web technologies involve implementing specific solutions by using web technologies that follow the business rules and objectives outlined by the client. Web developers develop a professional relationship with their clients, interacting with them to develop a deep understanding of the requirements, and convert these into a website specification. Strong communication skills, coupled with research techniques and a grasp of target audiences, markets and trends, will ensure client satisfaction.

Having completed the website content strategies, system architecture planning, working with the user interface and user experience design, the web developer integrates the website with third party tools and platforms. The development process is an iterative one where the web developer implements the design, create dynamic functionalities and test and debug their work using a variety of devices. Web developers may integrate the website with a variety of social media platforms.

A web developer has many employment opportunities. This can range from being a self-employed freelancer, or an entrepreneur, to being employed by advertising agencies and web development companies across a variety of organizations. Web developer positions may be broad in scope or specialize in an area such as graphic design for the web, user interface design, digital user experience design, front end development, back-end development, content management system development as well as client and project management. Whichever role a web developer chooses to specialize in, they may need access to Information Communication Technology (ICT) facilities, open-source libraries, and frameworks.

High performing web developers may have broad or specialist web-related skills. They must understand artistic values, have a solid understanding of user interface design and programming skills and take personal responsibility for being constantly at the forefront of trends and web technology. They must also be responsive to clients and can work in structured and unstructured teams and groups. These qualities enable the web developer to contribute and take advantage of this rapidly developing aspect of modern communications technology.

The WorldSkills Occupational Standards (WSOS)

General notes on the WSOS

The WSOS specifies the knowledge, understanding, skills, and capabilities that underpin international best practice in technical and vocational performance. These are both specific to an occupational role and also transversal. Together they should reflect a shared global understanding of what the associated work role(s) or occupation(s) represent for industry and business (www.worldskills.org/WSOS).

The skill competition is intended to reflect international best practice as described by the WSOS, to the extent that it can. The Standard is therefore a guide to the required training and preparation for the skill competition.

In the skill competition the assessment of knowledge and understanding will take place through the assessment of performance. There will only be separate tests of knowledge and understanding where there is an overwhelming reason for these.

The Standard is divided into distinct sections with headings and reference numbers added.

Each section is assigned a percentage of the total marks to indicate its relative importance within the Standards. This is often referred to as the “weighting”. The sum of all the percentage marks is 100. The weightings determine the distribution of marks within the Marking Scheme.

Through the Test Project, the Marking Scheme will assess only those skills and capabilities that are set out in the WorldSkills Occupational Standards. They will reflect the Standards as comprehensively as possible within the constraints of the skill competition.

The Marking Scheme will follow the allocation of marks within the Standards to the extent practically possible. A variation of up to five percent is allowed, if this does not distort the weightings assigned by the Standards.

WorldSkills Occupational Standards

Section		Relative importance (%)
1	Work organization and management	5
	The individual needs to know and understand: The principles and practices that enable productive teamwork The principles and behaviour of computer systems The aspects of systems that contribute to sustainable products, strategies, and practices How to show initiative and use creative problem solving How to identify, analyse and evaluate information from a variety of sources How to identify multiple solutions to a problem and offer them as options against time, and other constraints How to optimize code for deployment
	The individual shall be able to: Troubleshoot common web design and development problems Work within specified time limitations and deadlines Use a computer with a range of software packages Apply research techniques and skills to keep up to date with industry best practices Apply deployment optimization, such as page loading, with industry best practices Ensure the work is completed according to a given schedule Include linked images, fonts, native files, and production file format when archiving Use software version control systems such as git
2	Communication and interpersonal skills	5
	The individual needs to know and understand: How to identify a problem, research, analyse and generate a solution How to prototype and write user and functional testing How to express design concepts by creating wire frames and flowcharts Software design concepts and techniques including flowchart and ER diagrams
	The individual shall be able to: Read and understand specifications documents Read and use provided source code of front-end and back-end technologies Deliver products that respond to client requirements and specification Gather, analyse, and evaluate information Interpret standards and requirements Match client requirements Present concepts to meet business requirements
3	Design implementation	25
	The individual needs to know and understand: How to follow design principles and patterns to produce aesthetically pleasing, creative, and accessible interfaces Issues relating to the cognitive, social, cultural, accessible, technological, and economic contexts for design Various graphic formats and when to use the appropriate format to implement a design Different target markets and the elements of design which satisfy each market Protocols for maintaining a corporate identity, brand, and style guide The limitations of internet enabled devices and screen resolutions World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards for HTML and CSS Usability and interactive design Cross browser compatibility Multi device compatibility Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and performance optimization How to embed and integrate animations, audio and video where needed Accessibility and communication for users with special needs including World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards for WCAG
	The individual shall be able to: Create, analyse, and develop visual response to communication problems including understanding hierarchy, typography, aesthetics, and composition Create, manipulate, and optimize images for the internet Identify target markets and create concept for designs Implement responsive designs that function correctly on multiple screen resolutions and/or devices Critique draft concepts, colour, and typography choices Create wireframes, interactive prototypes, and design of user interfaces that consider user experience Create code that conforms to and validates with the W3C standards including the accessibility guidelines Create accessible and usable web interfaces for a variety of devices and screen resolutions Use CSS or other external files to modify the appearance of web interfaces Use CSS pre/post-processors Create and update web interfaces for proper user experience and to assist with search engine performance Use CSS to develop animations and interactive user interfaces
4	Front-End Development	25
	The individual needs to know and understand: ECMAScript (JavaScript) How to integrate libraries, frameworks and other systems or features with JavaScript How to use JavaScript pre/post processors and task running workflow Coding best practices including troubleshooting, unit testing and test-driven development Best practices for application deployment Linux command line Interface
	The individual shall be able to: Create website animations and functionalities to assist in context explanations and add visual appeal Create and update JavaScript code to enhance websites’ functionality, usability, and aesthetics Manipulate data and custom media with JavaScript Create modular and reusable JavaScript code Write documentation including comments in code Use open-source JavaScript libraries Manipulate graphical elements and content elements using JavaScript Write test cases and execute automated testing for JavaScript implementation Handle errors in code, debug code and fix bugs Use the Linux CLI to interact with the remote server to deploy an application on the remote server Document deployment steps for applications as required
5	Back-End Development	40
	The individual needs to know and understand: Object-oriented programming PHP and/or NodeJS Open-source server-side libraries and frameworks How to connect to servers through SSH (including sFTP) File system permissions and ownership How to design and implement databases How to manage data exchange between server and client systems Software design patterns including MVC (Model View Controller) Web application security Coding best practices including troubleshooting, unit tests and test-driven development Best practices for application deployment Linux command line interface
	The individual shall be able to: Manipulate data making use of programming skills Protect against security exploits Integrate with existing code using APIs (Application Programming Interfaces), libraries and frameworks Create or maintain database tables to support system requirements considering data normalization, key constraints and correct data types Create code that are modular and reusable Write documentation and comments in code Write test cases and execute automated testing for back-end implementation Handle errors in code, debug code and fix bugs Use the Linux CLI to interact with the remote server to deploy an application on the remote server Document deployment steps for applications as required Configure the webserver for given applications
	Total	100

References for industry consultation

General notes

WorldSkills is committed to ensuring that the WorldSkills Occupational Standards fully reflect the dynamism of internationally recognized best practice in industry and business. To do this WorldSkills approaches a number of organizations across the world that can offer feedback on the draft Description of the Associated Role and WorldSkills Occupational Standards on a two-yearly cycle.

In parallel to this, WSI consults three international occupational classifications and databases:

ISCO-08: (http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/isco08/)
ESCO: (https://ec.europa.eu/esco/portal/home )
O*NET OnLine (www.onetonline.org/)

References

This WSOS (Section 2) appears most closely relate to Web Developer: https://www.onetonline.org/link/summary/15-1134.00

and/or Web Developer:
http://data.europa.eu/esco/occupation/c40a2919-48a9-40ea-b506-1f34f693496d

Adjacent occupations ban also be explored through these links.

ILO 2513

Adjacent occupations may also be explored through these links.

The following table indicates which organizations were approached and provided valuable feedback for the Description of the Associated Role and WorldSkills Occupational Standards in place for WorldSkills Lyon 2024.

Organization	Contact name
Crossthinker Network and Design Company Limited	Samuel Chan, Developer/Owner
Germs Digital Pte. Ltd.	Artino Moniaga, Technical Director
Jala Designs	Jarrad Langdon, Managing Director
Moa Information & Technology	Sungmin Lee, CEO
Ridgeon Network Ltd	David Bowen, Senior Developer